Semantic Integrity

Default Aggregation: When SUM Is the Wrong Assumption

Default aggregations can distort results when a sum is not meaningful.

Aggregation Pitfall
Rendering diagram...
A flow showing rate column summed incorrectly vs explicit measure.
Explicit measures prevent incorrect default aggregations.

TL;DR

  • • SUM is not always correct.
  • • Set explicit aggregations or measures.

The problem (layman)

  • • Columns default to SUM even when the right behavior is average, max, or distinct count.
  • • AI queries often rely on default aggregation.

Why it matters

  • • Wrong aggregation leads to wrong answers with high confidence.
  • • Errors are subtle and often missed.

Symptoms

  • • Rates or percentages are summed.
  • • Balances are aggregated across time.

Root causes

  • • Default aggregation left untouched in model.
  • • No explicit measures for key fields.

What good looks like

  • • Explicit measures for critical metrics.
  • • Columns set to correct aggregation or “Do not summarize.”

How to fix (steps)

  • • Audit columns used in AI and reports.
  • • Define measures for rates and ratios.
  • • Set default aggregations in the model.

Pitfalls

  • • Relying on report visuals to override defaults.
  • • Leaving raw columns exposed for AI.

Checklist

  • • All ratio metrics use measures.
  • • Default aggregation settings reviewed.
  • • No critical metric depends on implicit SUM.